Platt L J, Andrews G, Howie P M
J Speech Hear Res. 1980 Mar;23(1):41-55. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2301.41.
The articulation errors of 32 spastic and 18 athetoid males, aged 17-55 years, were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm. The subjects had a diagnosis of congenital cerebral palsy, and adequate intelligence, hearing, and ability to perform the speech task. Phonetic transcriptions were made of single-word utterances which contained 49 selected phonemes: 22 word-initial consonants, 18 word-final consonants and nine vowels. Errors of substitution, omission and distortion were categorized on confusion matrices such that patterns could be observed. It was found that within-manner errors (place or voicing errors or both) exceeded between-manner errors by a substantial amount, more so on final consonants. The predominant within-manner errors occurred on fricative phonemes for both initial and final positions. Affricate within-manner errors, all of devoicing, were also frequent in final position. The predominant between-manner initial position errors involved liquid-to-glide and affricate-to-stop changes, and for final position, affricate-to-fricative. Phoneme omission occurred three times more frequently on final than on initial consonants. The error data of individual subjects were found to correspond with the identified overall group patterns. Those with markedly reduced speech intelligibility demonstrated the same patterns of error as the overall group. The implications for treatment are discussed.
采用混淆矩阵范式分析了32名年龄在17至55岁之间的痉挛型男性和18名徐动型男性的发音错误。这些受试者被诊断患有先天性脑瘫，且具备足够的智力、听力以及完成言语任务的能力。对包含49个选定音素的单字发音进行了语音转录：22个词首辅音、18个词尾辅音和9个元音。替换、省略和歪曲错误在混淆矩阵中进行分类，以便观察模式。结果发现，方式内错误（部位或浊音错误或两者皆有）在数量上大大超过方式间错误，在词尾辅音上更是如此。主要的方式内错误出现在词首和词尾位置的擦音音素上。词尾位置的塞擦音方式内错误（均为清音化）也很常见。主要的方式间词首位置错误涉及流音到滑音以及塞擦音到塞音的变化，而在词尾位置，是塞擦音到擦音的变化。音素省略在词尾辅音上的出现频率比在词首辅音上高三倍。发现个体受试者的错误数据与所确定的总体组模式相符。那些言语可懂度明显降低的受试者表现出与总体组相同的错误模式。文中讨论了对治疗的启示。
