Roux J
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1978 Mar 15;25(5-6):427-36.
Brucellosis is an anthropozoonosis, transmissable between animals and from animals to man. There is no interhuman transmission. Practically all domestic and wild animals are sensitive to various species of Brucella which explains the world-wide occurrence of the disease. Animals transmit the disease to man by direct contact (giving rise most often to professional disease which accounts for approximately 2/3 of the cases in France), and by way of food consumption (milk, cheese). The discovery of host animals may guide the diagnosis of human cases but more often the diagnosis of a human case reveals the existence of a host animal. Among the serological tests which help to follow the course of the human disease, the importance of the card test and of the immunofluorescence reaction are especially emphasized. The incidence of the human disease is difficult to determine: from the number of cases notified, the number of cases actually diagnosed can be estimated (from 3 to 5 times greater in France); however the true number of cases is very difficult to estimate owing to the large number of asymptomatic or atypical cases.
布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患病，可在动物之间传播，也可从动物传播给人类。人与人之间不会传播。实际上，所有家养和野生动物对各种布鲁氏菌属都敏感，这就解释了该病在全球范围内的发生情况。动物通过直接接触将疾病传播给人类（最常引发职业性疾病，在法国约占病例的2/3），并通过食用食物（牛奶、奶酪）传播。宿主动物的发现有助于人类病例的诊断，但更多时候人类病例的诊断揭示了宿主动物的存在。在有助于跟踪人类疾病进程的血清学检测中，特别强调了卡片试验和免疫荧光反应的重要性。人类疾病的发病率难以确定：根据报告的病例数，可以估算实际诊断的病例数（在法国实际诊断病例数是报告病例数的3至5倍）；然而，由于大量无症状或非典型病例的存在，很难估算出实际病例的真实数量。
