Amino N, Hidaka Y
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Osaka University Medical School.
Nihon Rinsho. 1995 Sep;53(9):2107-11.
Five types of immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluoroimmunoassay (FIA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and counting immunoassay (CIA), are generally used. Radioimmunoassay was first developed but it needs specific facilities and the half life of radioisotope is not long. Enzyme immunoassay is at present most popular in Japan. The goal of development of immunoassay is improvement of sensitivity and automation. In order to improve sensitivity of an assay, immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA), which is a non-competitive method, was developed and fluorescent materials and chemiluminescent materials are used for the detection of enzyme activity. Automation of immunoenzymometric assay could be done with solid phase antibody method.
通常使用五种免疫测定法，即酶免疫测定法（EIA）、放射免疫测定法（RIA）、荧光免疫测定法（FIA）、化学发光免疫测定法（CLIA）和计数免疫测定法（CIA）。放射免疫测定法是最早开发的，但它需要特定的设备，且放射性同位素的半衰期不长。酶免疫测定法目前在日本最受欢迎。免疫测定法的发展目标是提高灵敏度和自动化程度。为了提高测定的灵敏度，开发了免疫酶量测定法（IEMA），这是一种非竞争性方法，并且使用荧光材料和化学发光材料来检测酶活性。免疫酶量测定法的自动化可以通过固相抗体法来实现。
