Minard G
Nutr Clin Pract. 1994 Oct;9(5):172-82. doi: 10.1177/0115426594009005172.
The enteral route is the preferred method of nutrition support in patients with functional gastrointestinal tracts. Many techniques for obtaining enteral access are available, and the decision regarding which one to use depends on several issues, including anticipated duration of support, aspiration risk, and local expertise. Using laparotomy, laparoscopy, fluoroscopy, or endoscopy, tubes can be placed into the stomach, the duodenum, and the jejunum. Nasogastric and nasoenteric tubes are useful for short-term supplementation; however, patients needing support for more than 6 weeks may be better served with a more permanent tube. In this review, specific methods for obtaining enteral access are discussed along with their advantages and disadvantages.
肠内途径是胃肠道功能正常患者营养支持的首选方法。有多种获得肠内通路的技术，选择使用哪种技术取决于几个因素，包括预期的支持持续时间、误吸风险和当地的专业技术水平。通过剖腹手术、腹腔镜检查、荧光镜检查或内镜检查，可以将管子置入胃、十二指肠和空肠。鼻胃管和鼻肠管适用于短期补充营养；然而，需要超过6周营养支持的患者可能使用更永久性的管子会更好。在这篇综述中，将讨论获得肠内通路的具体方法及其优缺点。
