Shelton D M, Alciati M H, Chang M M, Fishman J A, Fues L A, Michaels J, Bazile R J, Bridgers J C, Rosenthal J L, Kutty L
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1995 Nov 3;44(6):1-28.
PROBLEM/CONDITION: State laws on smoke-free indoor air, youth access to tobacco products, advertising of tobacco products, and excise taxes on tobacco products are summarized.
Legislation effective through June 30, 1995.
CDC and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) identified state laws addressing tobacco control by using LEXIS, which is an on-line legal research data base, and NCI's State Cancer Legislative Database (SCLD), which is a data base of legislation. CDC and NCI conducted detailed analyses of the content of the laws to identify specific provisions.
CDC and NCI identified 1,238 state laws that address tobacco-control-related issues. Most laws either enact restrictions or strengthen current legislation that restricts tobacco use, sales to minors, or advertising; however, some laws preempt stronger measures by local ordinances. At the state level, forty-six states and Washington, DC require smoke-free indoor air to some degree or in some public places. All states prohibit the sale and distribution of tobacco products to minors, but only nine states restrict advertising of tobacco products. All states tax cigarettes (average excise tax is 31.5 cents per pack); 42 states also tax chewing tobacco and snuff.
State laws addressing tobacco control vary in relation to restrictiveness, enforcement and penalties, preemptions, and exceptions.
The tables summarizing these laws are available through CDC's State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) system and through NCI's SCLD. This information can be used by policy makers at the state and local levels to plan and implement initiatives on youth access to tobacco products and on the use, promotion, advertising, and taxation of tobacco products.
问题/状况：总结了关于无烟室内空气、青少年获取烟草制品、烟草制品广告以及烟草制品消费税的州法律。
截至1995年6月30日有效的立法。
疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和国家癌症研究所（NCI）通过使用LEXIS（一个在线法律研究数据库）以及NCI的州癌症立法数据库（SCLD，一个立法数据库）来确定涉及烟草控制的州法律。CDC和NCI对法律内容进行了详细分析以确定具体条款。
CDC和NCI确定了1238条涉及烟草控制相关问题的州法律。大多数法律要么制定限制措施，要么加强现行限制烟草使用、向未成年人销售或广告的立法；然而，一些法律优先于地方条例中的更强措施。在州层面，46个州和华盛顿特区在某种程度上或在某些公共场所要求无烟室内空气。所有州都禁止向未成年人销售和分发烟草制品，但只有9个州限制烟草制品广告。所有州都对香烟征税（平均消费税为每包31.5美分）；42个州还对嚼烟和鼻烟征税。
涉及烟草控制的州法律在限制程度、执法与处罚、优先权和例外情况方面各不相同。
总结这些法律的表格可通过CDC的州烟草活动跟踪与评估（STATE）系统以及NCI的SCLD获取。州和地方层面的政策制定者可利用这些信息来规划和实施关于青少年获取烟草制品以及烟草制品使用、推广、广告和税收方面的举措。
