Mennen L I, Witteman J C, Geleijnse J M, Stolk R P, Visser M C, Grobbee D E
Erasmus Universiteit, Instituut Epidemiologie en Biostatistiek, Rotterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1995 Sep 30;139(39):1983-8.
To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease among elderly people.
Prospective cohort study.
A district of Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
As a part of the Rotterdam Study information about smoking habits, blood pressure, Quetelet index and serum cholesterol of 7,983 responding persons (78%) (3,105 men and 4,878 women) of 55 years and older was obtained by an interview and physical examination during two visits to a research center.
Among men and women there were 29.7% and 16.7% smokers and 60.1% and 25.9% ex-smokers, respectively. Among men the proportion of smokers decreased from 31.0% in the age category 55-59 years to 15.9% in de category > or = 85 years, among women from 28.0% to 2.7%. Systolic blood pressure increased with age in both sexes, while diastolic blood pressure hardly changed. Hypertension (systolic blood pressure 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mmHg at a single measurement and/or use of antihypertensive drugs) occurred in 23.3% of men and 28.0% of women. In men, total serum cholesterol decreased gradually with age, whereas in women there was a slight increase up to the category 70-74 years. No evident change in HDL cholesterol with increasing age was observed in men, but in women a decrease was observed until the same level was reached as in men. Thirty-five per cent of men and 49.5% of women had an elevated level of serum cholesterol (> or = 6.5 mmol/l). The prevalence of obesity (Quetelet index > 25 kg/m2) was about 50% in both men and women but was less in the categories from 75 years onwards. Approximately 80% of men and women had at least one risk factor, while in almost half of them two or more risk factors were found.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are common among elderly people.
确定老年人心血管疾病危险因素的流行情况。
前瞻性队列研究。
荷兰鹿特丹的一个区。
作为鹿特丹研究的一部分，通过在研究中心的两次访视期间进行访谈和体格检查，获取了7983名（78%）55岁及以上应答者（3105名男性和4878名女性）的吸烟习惯、血压、体重指数和血清胆固醇信息。
男性和女性吸烟者分别占29.7%和16.7%，戒烟者分别占60.1%和25.9%。男性吸烟者比例从55 - 59岁年龄组的31.0%降至85岁及以上年龄组的15.9%，女性从28.0%降至2.7%。收缩压在两性中均随年龄增加，而舒张压几乎无变化。高血压（单次测量收缩压≥160 mmHg和/或舒张压≥95 mmHg及/或使用降压药）在23.3%的男性和28.0%的女性中出现。男性血清总胆固醇随年龄逐渐降低，而女性在70 - 74岁年龄组之前略有升高。男性中未观察到高密度脂蛋白胆固醇随年龄增加有明显变化，但女性中观察到其下降，直至达到与男性相同水平。35%的男性和49.5%的女性血清胆固醇水平升高（≥6.5 mmol/l）。肥胖（体重指数>25 kg/m²）在男性和女性中的患病率约为50%，但在75岁及以上年龄组中较低。约80%的男性和女性至少有一个危险因素，近一半的人有两个或更多危险因素。
心血管疾病危险因素在老年人中很常见。
