性别与单细胞：酵母中的减数分裂

Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Nov 7;92(23):10450-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.23.10450.

Recent studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiotic chromosome behavior. Structural components of the synaptonemal complex have been identified and studies of mutants defective in synapsis have provided insight into the role of the synaptonemal complex in homolog pairing, genetic recombination, crossover interference, and meiotic chromosome segregation. There is compelling evidence that most or all meiotic recombination events initiate with double-strand breaks. Several intermediates in the double-strand break repair pathway have been characterized and mutants blocked at different steps in the pathway have been identified. With the application of genetic, molecular, cytological, and biochemical methods in a single organism, we can expect an increasingly comprehensive and unified view of the meiotic process.

最近对酿酒酵母的研究极大地推进了我们对减数分裂染色体行为分子机制的理解。联会复合体的结构成分已被鉴定，对联会缺陷突变体的研究为联会复合体在同源染色体配对、遗传重组、交叉干涉和减数分裂染色体分离中的作用提供了深入了解。有令人信服的证据表明，大多数或所有减数分裂重组事件都始于双链断裂。双链断裂修复途径中的几个中间体已被表征，并且已鉴定出在该途径不同步骤受阻的突变体。通过在单一生物体中应用遗传、分子、细胞学和生化方法，我们有望对减数分裂过程有越来越全面和统一的认识。