Crawford T J, Haeger B, Kennard C, Reveley M A, Henderson L
Academic Unit of Neuroscience, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London.
Psychol Med. 1995 May;25(3):461-71. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700033389.
Most of the previous research reporting abnormalities of rapid re-fixation eye movements (saccades) in patients with schizophrenia has used patients receiving neuroleptic medication. In this study non-neuroleptically medicated schizophrenics were compared with other psychiatric patients using a variety of saccadic paradigms to determine the specificity of saccadic dysfunction. The patient groups consisted of schizophrenics (N = 18), bipolar affectives (N = 18), anxiety neurotics (N = 10) and normal controls (N = 31), none of whom had received neuroleptic medication for the preceding 6 months. Four behavioural paradigms, reflexive, predictive, remembered and ANTI were used to elicit saccades. The primary abnormality in the schizophrenic group was a significantly increased rate of distractibility in the ANTI (saccades made towards the target rather than in an opposite direction) and REM (saccades made prior to the imperative cue) paradigms. The major neuropsychological variable predictive of these errors was Wisconsin card sort perseverative errors. These data, in conjunction with findings from previous neurological research, would seem to provide converging evidence towards dysfunction of prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
之前大多数报告精神分裂症患者快速重新注视眼动（扫视）异常的研究，使用的是正在接受抗精神病药物治疗的患者。在本研究中，使用多种扫视范式，将未接受抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者与其他精神科患者进行比较，以确定扫视功能障碍的特异性。患者组包括精神分裂症患者（N = 18）、双相情感障碍患者（N = 18）、焦虑神经症患者（N = 10）和正常对照组（N = 31），他们在之前6个月内均未接受抗精神病药物治疗。使用四种行为范式，即反射性、预测性、记忆性和ANTI来引发扫视。精神分裂症组的主要异常是在ANTI（朝目标而非相反方向做出的扫视）和REM（在命令性提示之前做出的扫视）范式中，注意力分散率显著增加。预测这些错误的主要神经心理学变量是威斯康星卡片分类测验的持续性错误。这些数据，连同先前神经学研究的结果，似乎为精神分裂症患者前额叶皮质功能障碍提供了趋同的证据。
