Sachdev P
Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince Henry Hospital, Matraville, NSW, Australia.
Schizophr Bull. 1995;21(3):451-61. doi: 10.1093/schbul/21.3.451.
This article examines the epidemiological data on chronic akathisia, tardive akathisia, and withdrawal akathisia. The limitations of the data are discussed--in particular, the lack of consistent definitions of the syndromes. The studies suggest that a significant proportion of patients chronically treated with neuroleptics suffer from akathisia. The prevalence may be as high as 40 percent, although a conservative estimate would be closer to 30 percent. Risk factors for the development of chronic akathisia and tardive akathisia are poorly understood, but old age, female sex, iron deficiency, negative symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and affective disorder diagnosis need to be studied further for their potential role. While there is convincing evidence that akathisia may develop after neuroleptic cessation or reduction in dose, the prevalence and risk factors for withdrawal akathisia are not known. Reports of akathisia in children and the elderly have been few, and more systematic research is necessary. Akathisia appears to be common in individuals with mental retardation treated chronically with neuroleptics.
本文考察了关于慢性静坐不能、迟发性静坐不能及撤药后静坐不能的流行病学数据。文中讨论了这些数据的局限性，尤其是这些综合征缺乏一致的定义。研究表明，长期接受抗精神病药物治疗的患者中有很大一部分患有静坐不能。患病率可能高达40%，不过保守估计更接近30%。慢性静坐不能和迟发性静坐不能发生的风险因素还了解甚少，但老年、女性、缺铁、阴性症状、认知功能障碍及情感障碍诊断因其潜在作用还需要进一步研究。虽然有令人信服的证据表明静坐不能可能在停用抗精神病药物或降低剂量后发生，但撤药后静坐不能的患病率及风险因素尚不清楚。关于儿童和老年人静坐不能的报告很少，因此需要进行更系统的研究。在长期接受抗精神病药物治疗的智力迟钝个体中，静坐不能似乎很常见。
