Bárbara C, Carmo M M, Rendas A B, Avila R
Departamento de Pneumologia, Hospital Pulido Valente, Lisboa.
Acta Med Port. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(7-8):433-40.
The control system of breathing can be considered as a closed loop system, consisting of two subsystems: the controlling system and the controlled system. Both systems are defined by their input-output relationships. The controlling system is defined by the Respiratory Centers that are responsible for two separate, but overlapping, patterns: the automatic control pattern and the behavioral or voluntary control. In the controlling system the input is the blood gas value and the output is some parameters of ventilation. The controlled system is characterized by an input of ventilation and an output of blood gas values. In this closed loop system breathing is normally regulated by two anatomically distinct but functionally integrated elements, referred to as the metabolic and behavioral respiratory control systems. The metabolic control is concerned with blood gas homeostasis and the voluntary control relates with activities such as phonation and singing that use the ventilatory apparatus for purposes other than gas exchange.
呼吸控制系统可被视为一个闭环系统，由两个子系统组成：控制系统和受控系统。这两个系统均由其输入-输出关系定义。控制系统由呼吸中枢定义，呼吸中枢负责两种不同但重叠的模式：自动控制模式和行为或自主控制模式。在控制系统中，输入是血气值，输出是一些通气参数。受控系统的特征是通气输入和血气值输出。在这个闭环系统中，呼吸通常由两个在解剖学上不同但功能整合的元素调节，即代谢性和行为性呼吸控制系统。代谢性控制涉及血气稳态，而自主控制与诸如发声和唱歌等活动相关，这些活动将通气装置用于气体交换以外的目的。
