Simon T R, Sussman S, Dent C W, Burton D, Flay B R
IPR-USC, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
Addict Behav. 1995 Jul-Aug;20(4):517-24. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(95)00004-v.
This one-year prospective study provides an extension of a previous cross-sectional investigation. The previous study found that the number of tobacco products used (i.e., smokeless tobacco, cigarettes), not type of tobacco product, was associated with higher scores on problem-prone variables. In the present study, a sample of 842 southern California seventh-grade adolescents who had not tried either cigarettes or smokeless tobacco were identified and surveyed one year later. Onset of tobacco use was examined as an outcome variable predicted by scores on four psychosocial and two alcohol use variables in seventh grade. Unlike the previous study, females were included in the current study, and the potential moderating effect of gender on the pattern of predictors was examined. Overall, these findings indicate that onset of cigarette smoking or use of both tobacco products is associated with alcohol use, risk taking, and low self-esteem. This study provides modest support for the previous investigation. In addition, two of the predictor variables were found to interact with gender. Risk-taking was found to have a stronger association with initiation of tobacco use for females than males. Susceptibility to social influence to use tobacco was found to be associated with initiation of tobacco use for males only.
这项为期一年的前瞻性研究对之前的横断面调查进行了扩展。先前的研究发现，所使用烟草制品的数量（即无烟烟草、香烟）而非烟草制品的类型，与易出现问题的变量得分较高有关。在本研究中，确定了842名南加州七年级且未曾尝试过香烟或无烟烟草的青少年样本，并在一年后对其进行了调查。将烟草使用的开始作为一个结果变量，由七年级时的四个心理社会变量和两个饮酒变量的得分来预测。与先前的研究不同，本研究纳入了女性，并检验了性别对预测模式的潜在调节作用。总体而言，这些发现表明，开始吸烟或使用两种烟草制品均与饮酒、冒险行为和低自尊有关。本研究为之前的调查提供了一定支持。此外，发现有两个预测变量与性别存在交互作用。冒险行为与女性开始使用烟草的关联比男性更强。仅发现对社会影响使用烟草的易感性与男性开始使用烟草有关。
