Nadon L, Siemiatycki J, Dewar R, Krewski D, Gérin M
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada.
Am J Ind Med. 1995 Sep;28(3):303-24. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700280302.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) demonstrate carcinogenic activity in animal models. Although some epidemiologic studies have implicated PAHs as risk factors for human cancer, the evidence reported to date has not been consistent. The purpose of this report is to describe the associations between occupational exposure to PAHs in the workplace and each of 14 types of cancer. A population-based, case-control study was carried out in Montreal to investigate associations between a large variety of environmental and occupational exposures on the one hand, and several types of cancer on the other. A detailed job history was obtained from each subject along with information on a number of potential confounders. Each job history was reviewed by a team of experts, who used this information to construct a corresponding history of occupational exposures. Among the PAH exposures considered were benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and five categories of PAHs defined on the basis of the source material, namely, wood, petroleum, coal, other sources, and any source. Altogether, 3,730 cancer patients and 533 population controls were interviewed and their job exposure histories coded. For each of 14 types of cancer analyzed, three control groups were available: other cancer patients, population controls, and the pooled set of cancer and population controls. The associations between 14 cancer types and 6 PAH exposures were analyzed using logistic regression methods. For most types of cancer evaluated, there was no evidence of excess risk due to PAHs at the levels encountered in the occupations in which PAH exposure has been prevalent in the Montreal area. For a few cancer sites--the esophagus, the pancreas, and the prostate gland--there were suggestions of excess risk; these observations are noteworthy hypotheses for further investigation. For lung cancer, there appeared to be an increased risk due to PAHs among nonsmokers and light smokers, but not among heavy smokers.
多环芳烃（PAHs）在动物模型中表现出致癌活性。尽管一些流行病学研究表明PAHs是人类癌症的危险因素，但迄今为止报告的证据并不一致。本报告的目的是描述工作场所职业性接触PAHs与14种癌症之间的关联。在蒙特利尔进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，以调查一方面多种环境和职业暴露与另一方面几种癌症类型之间的关联。从每个受试者那里获取了详细的工作史以及一些潜在混杂因素的信息。一组专家对每份工作史进行了审查，他们利用这些信息构建了相应的职业暴露史。所考虑的PAH暴露包括苯并(a)芘（B(a)P）以及根据源材料定义的五类PAHs，即木材、石油、煤炭、其他来源和任何来源。总共对3730名癌症患者和533名人群对照进行了访谈，并对他们的工作暴露史进行了编码。对于分析的14种癌症中的每一种，都有三个对照组可供使用：其他癌症患者、人群对照以及癌症患者和人群对照的汇总组。使用逻辑回归方法分析了14种癌症类型与6种PAH暴露之间的关联。对于所评估的大多数癌症类型，在蒙特利尔地区PAH暴露普遍的职业中所遇到的PAH水平下，没有证据表明存在因PAHs导致的额外风险。对于少数癌症部位——食管、胰腺和前列腺——有额外风险的迹象；这些观察结果是值得进一步研究的重要假设。对于肺癌，不吸烟者和轻度吸烟者中似乎因PAHs而风险增加，但重度吸烟者中并非如此。
