Kristensen B B, Mikkelsen S S
Anaestesiologisk afdeling, Bispebjerg Hospital, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1995 Dec 4;157(49):6864-8.
A review of different ways of injecting drugs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and during states of shock is presented. On the basis of this review, central or peripheral intravenous injection is recommended as first choice. If a peripheral vein is used, the drug injection should be followed by infusion of a large volume of normal saline to facilitate the entry of the drug into the central circulation. In case of endotracheal intubation, several drugs can be injected into the tracheal tube. Atropine, lidocaine and naloxone are shown to be effective when given by this route. Adrenalin is probably not effective when injected endotracheally. Intraosseous injection of drugs, crystalloids and colloids is an alternative in all states except for hypovolaemic shock due to lower infusion rates. Intracardiac injection of drugs during CPR is recommended as a last resort.
本文综述了心肺复苏（CPR）和休克状态下不同的药物注射方式。基于此综述，推荐首选中心静脉或外周静脉注射。若使用外周静脉，药物注射后应输注大量生理盐水，以促进药物进入中心循环。在气管插管的情况下，几种药物可注入气管导管。已证明阿托品、利多卡因和纳洛酮经此途径给药有效。肾上腺素经气管内注射可能无效。除低血容量性休克外，在所有情况下骨内注射药物、晶体液和胶体液是一种替代方法，因其输注速率较低。在心肺复苏期间，心内注射药物推荐作为最后手段。
