Meyer H, Radicke S, Kienzle E, Wilke S, Kleffken D, Illenseer M
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1995 Aug;42(6):371-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1995.tb00389.x.
In this study preileal starch digestibility of starchy feeds (oats, corn, barley, potatoes, manioc) was determined in seven jejunofistulated horses. The grains were fed whole (oats, corn), rolled (oats, barley), crushed, ground and expanded (corn); the potatoes were fresh, the manioc rolled. Ground corn was also fed in combination with amylase. The feeds were fed partly isolated or in combination with alfalfa meal or hay (Table 1). At least four horses with a cannula in the terminal jejunum were used for each diet. Two meals per day were offered at 12 h intervals. The starch intake was mostly about 2 g/kg bw/meal, except one period with oats (3.9 g starch/kg bw) and with expanded corn (1.4 g/kg bw). Jejunal chyme was postprandially collected 11 times (from 1st to the 11th h after the morning meal for 15 min). Starch was determined polarimetrically. The preileal digestibility of starch was calculated by the marker method (chronic oxide 0.25% DM) and by estimating the total jejunoileal chyme flow during 12 h postprandially extrapolating the sample volume from the 15 min sampling periods. The results of both methods agreed quite well. Preileal digestibility of oat starch (80-90%) was (independent of doses or preparation or of the combination with hay, Table 4) significantly higher than that of whole or crushed corn (30%) or barley (26%). Grinding of corn significantly increased preileal digestibility to 51%, expanding to 90%. The addition of amylase improved digestion of ground corn by 10% (absolute). The preileal digestibility of potato or manioc was less than 10%. Individual factors in the horse (chewing intensity, amylase activity) had also considerable influence on preileal starch digestibility.
在本研究中，测定了七匹装有空肠瘘管的马对淀粉类饲料（燕麦、玉米、大麦、土豆、木薯）回肠前段淀粉的消化率。谷物饲料分别以整粒（燕麦、玉米）、碾压（燕麦、大麦）、粉碎、磨碎和膨化（玉米）的形式投喂；土豆为新鲜的，木薯为碾压过的。磨碎的玉米还与淀粉酶混合投喂。饲料部分单独投喂，或与苜蓿粉或干草混合投喂（表1）。每种日粮至少使用四匹在空肠末端装有插管的马。每天以12小时间隔投喂两餐。淀粉摄入量大多约为2克/千克体重/餐，但有一个时期燕麦的淀粉摄入量为3.9克/千克体重，膨化玉米的淀粉摄入量为1.4克/千克体重。餐后11次收集空肠食糜（从早餐后第1小时至第11小时，每次收集15分钟）。用旋光法测定淀粉含量。通过标记法（0.25%干物质的氧化铬）并通过估算餐后12小时内空肠回肠食糜的总流量（根据15分钟采样期的样本量外推）来计算回肠前段淀粉的消化率。两种方法的结果相当吻合。燕麦淀粉的回肠前段消化率（80 - 90%）（与剂量、加工方式或与干草的组合无关，表4）显著高于整粒或粉碎玉米（30%）或大麦（26%）。玉米磨碎后，回肠前段消化率显著提高至51%，膨化后提高至90%。添加淀粉酶使磨碎玉米的消化率绝对提高了10%。土豆或木薯的回肠前段消化率低于10%。马的个体因素（咀嚼强度、淀粉酶活性）对回肠前段淀粉消化率也有相当大的影响。
