Niki E, Noguchi N, Tsuchihashi H, Gotoh N
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Dec;62(6 Suppl):1322S-1326S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1322S.
The effects of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), and beta-carotene as antioxidants and their cooperative action against the oxidation of lipid in solution, membranes, and lipoproteins have been studied and reviewed. Ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol act as potent, and probably the most important, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants, respectively. They function at their own site individually and furthermore act synergistically. beta-Carotene has lower reactivity toward radicals than does alpha-tocopherol and acts as a weak antioxidant in solution. It is more lipophilic than alpha-tocopherol and is assumed to be present at the interior of membranes or lipoproteins, which enables it to scavenge radicals within the lipophilic compartment more efficiently than does alpha-tocopherol. The cooperative interaction between vitamin C and vitamin E may be quite probable, that of vitamin C and beta-carotene is improbable, whereas that between vitamin E and beta-carotene may be possible.
人们已经对维生素C（抗坏血酸）、维生素E（α-生育酚）和β-胡萝卜素作为抗氧化剂的作用及其在溶液、膜和脂蛋白中对脂质氧化的协同作用进行了研究和综述。抗坏血酸和α-生育酚分别作为强效且可能是最重要的亲水性和亲脂性抗氧化剂。它们各自在自身位点发挥作用，并且还具有协同作用。β-胡萝卜素对自由基的反应性低于α-生育酚，在溶液中作为弱抗氧化剂起作用。它比α-生育酚更具亲脂性，被认为存在于膜或脂蛋白内部，这使得它比α-生育酚更有效地清除亲脂性隔室内的自由基。维生素C和维生素E之间很可能存在协同相互作用，维生素C和β-胡萝卜素之间不太可能存在，而维生素E和β-胡萝卜素之间可能存在。
