Keane M M, Gabrieli J D, Mapstone H C, Johnson K A, Corkin S
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
Brain. 1995 Oct;118 ( Pt 5):1129-48. doi: 10.1093/brain/118.5.1129.
Memory for recently encountered information can be reflected in conscious recall and recognition of that material, or in facilitated reprocessing of that material, an effect known as repetition priming. Repetition priming may be perceptual (form-based) or conceptual (meaning-based). A patient with bilateral occipital-lobe lesions (L.H.) and a patient with bilateral medial-temporal lobe lesions (H.M.) showed a double dissociation between visuoperceptual priming (impaired in L.H. and intact in H.M.) and visual recognition memory (intact in L.H. and impaired in H.M.). L.H. showed intact conceptual priming for visually presented words; his pattern of impaired visuoperceptual priming and intact conceptual priming is the reverse dissociation to that observed in prior studies of patients with Alzheimer's disease, in whom occipital cortices are relatively spared. These double dissociations suggest that a memory system localized to the occipital lobe mediates visuoperceptual priming effects, and that this system is independent of neural circuits mediating conceptual priming effects, and independent of the limbic-diencephalic system supporting conscious recognition of recently encountered information.
对近期接触信息的记忆可体现在对该材料的有意识回忆和识别中，或体现在对该材料的促进性再加工中，这种效应被称为重复启动。重复启动可能是知觉性的（基于形式）或概念性的（基于意义）。一名患有双侧枕叶病变的患者（L.H.）和一名患有双侧内侧颞叶病变的患者（H.M.）在视觉知觉启动（L.H.受损而H.M.正常）和视觉识别记忆（L.H.正常而H.M.受损）之间表现出双重分离。L.H.对视觉呈现的单词表现出完整的概念启动；他视觉知觉启动受损而概念启动完整的模式与先前对阿尔茨海默病患者的研究中观察到的情况相反，在阿尔茨海默病患者中枕叶皮质相对未受影响。这些双重分离表明，定位于枕叶的记忆系统介导视觉知觉启动效应，并且该系统独立于介导概念启动效应的神经回路，也独立于支持对近期接触信息进行有意识识别的边缘 - 间脑系统。
