Lowenstein S R, Tomlinson D, Koziol-McLain J, Prochazka A
Colorado Emergency Medicine Research Center, Denver, USA.
Acad Emerg Med. 1995 Mar;2(3):165-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1995.tb03189.x.
To determine smoking habits, levels of addiction, readiness to quit, and access to primary care among ED patients.
A questionnaire was administered prospectively to all noncritical adult patients who presented to one university hospital ED during 23 randomly selected four-hour time blocks; 336 (89%) of 376 eligible patients responded. Self-reported smoking was validated by carbon monoxide breath testing in a pilot sample of 49 patients.
The study patients were mostly young (mean age = 35 +/- 15 years), female (59%), white (62%), and high school-educated (73%). Of the 336 ED patients, 41% were current smokers (95% CI = 0.36-0.46); 42% of these were "moderately" to "very highly" dependent on nicotine (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence > 4). Of those who smoked, 68% stated they wanted to quit, and 49% wanted to quit within the month. Fifty-six percent of all those who smoked stated that they had never been told to quit smoking by any physician. Thirty-five percent of the ED sample (118 patients) relied upon EDs for most or all of their routine, primary health care; 55% (95% CI = 0.46-0.64) of these patients were current smokers.
The prevalence rates of smoking and nicotine addiction among ED patients are high. Almost half of ED smokers are ready to quit, but most state they have never been told by a physician to do so. Finally, a large proportion of ED smokers receive their primary care in EDs. Therefore, the ED may be an underused setting for smoking cessation intervention.
确定急诊患者的吸烟习惯、成瘾程度、戒烟意愿以及获得初级保健服务的情况。
前瞻性地对一所大学医院急诊部在23个随机选取的四小时时间段内就诊的所有非危重症成年患者进行问卷调查；376名符合条件的患者中有336名（89%）做出了回应。在49名患者的试点样本中，通过一氧化碳呼气测试对自我报告的吸烟情况进行了验证。
研究患者大多为年轻人（平均年龄 = 35 ± 15岁），女性（59%），白人（62%），且接受过高中教育（73%）。在336名急诊患者中，41%为当前吸烟者（95%置信区间 = 0.36 - 0.46）；其中42%对尼古丁“中度”至“高度”依赖（尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试 > 4）。在吸烟者中，68%表示他们想戒烟，49%想在一个月内戒烟。所有吸烟者中有56%表示他们从未被任何医生告知要戒烟。急诊样本中的35%（118名患者）大部分或全部常规初级医疗保健依赖于急诊部；这些患者中有55%（95%置信区间 = 0.46 - 0.64）为当前吸烟者。
急诊患者中吸烟和尼古丁成瘾的患病率很高。几乎一半的急诊吸烟者准备戒烟，但大多数人表示他们从未被医生告知要这样做。最后，很大一部分急诊吸烟者在急诊部接受初级保健服务。因此，急诊部可能是一个未得到充分利用的戒烟干预场所。
