Haria M, Fitton A, Peters D H
Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
Drugs. 1994 Oct;48(4):617-37. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199448040-00009.
Loratadine is a long-acting antihistamine agent, exhibiting partial selectivity for peripheral histamine H1-receptors. To date, loratadine has been evaluated in allergic rhinitis, urticaria and, to a limited extent, in asthma. In several large controlled comparative clinical studies, loratadine was superior to placebo, faster acting than astemizole and as effective as azatadine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine (chlorphenamine), clemastine, hydroxyzine, mequitazine and terfenadine in patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. The clinical effectiveness of loratadine in asthma is at present unclear. Loratadine is well tolerated. At dosages of 10 mg daily, commonly reported adverse events were somnolence, fatigue and headache. Sedation occurred less frequently with loratadine than with azatadine, cetirizine, chlorpheniramine, clemastine and mequitazine. Serious ventricular arrhythmias, as reported with some other second generation histamine H1-receptor antagonists, have not been observed with loratadine to date. Thus, loratadine, with its attributes of once daily administration, fast onset of action and essentially nonsedating properties, would appear to be an appropriate first-line agent for the treatment of allergic rhinitis or urticaria.
氯雷他定是一种长效抗组胺药，对外周组胺H1受体具有部分选择性。迄今为止，已对氯雷他定在过敏性鼻炎、荨麻疹以及在一定程度上在哮喘中的应用进行了评估。在几项大型对照比较临床研究中，在过敏性鼻炎和慢性荨麻疹患者中，氯雷他定优于安慰剂，起效比阿司咪唑快，且与阿扎他定、西替利嗪、氯苯那敏、氯马斯汀、羟嗪、美喹他嗪和特非那定效果相当。氯雷他定在哮喘中的临床疗效目前尚不清楚。氯雷他定耐受性良好。每日剂量为10毫克时，常见的不良事件为嗜睡、疲劳和头痛。氯雷他定引起的镇静作用比阿扎他定、西替利嗪、氯苯那敏、氯马斯汀和美喹他嗪少见。迄今为止，尚未观察到氯雷他定出现一些其他第二代组胺H1受体拮抗剂所报道的严重室性心律失常。因此，氯雷他定具有每日一次给药、起效快且基本无镇静作用的特点，似乎是治疗过敏性鼻炎或荨麻疹的合适一线药物。
