Schuetzle D, Siegl W O, Jensen T E, Dearth M A, Kaiser E W, Gorse R, Kreucher W, Kulik E
Ford Morot Company, Research Laboratory-MD3061, Dearborn, MI 48121.
Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Oct;102 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):3-12. doi: 10.1289/ehp.94102s43.
The purpose of this paper is to review current studies concerning the relationship of fuel composition to vehicle engine-out and tail-pipe emissions and to outline future research needed in this area. A number of recent combustion experiments and vehicle studies demonstrated that reformulated gasoline can reduce vehicle engine-out, tail-pipe, running-loss, and evaporative emissions. Some of these studies were extended to understand the fundamental relationships between fuel composition and emissions. To further establish these relationships, it was necessary to develop advanced analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons in fuels and vehicle emissions. The development of real-time techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser diode spectroscopy, and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry were useful in studying the transient behavior of exhaust emissions under various engine operating conditions. Laboratory studies using specific fuels and fuel blends were carried out using pulse flame combustors, single- and multicylinder engines, and vehicle fleets. Chemometric statistical methods were used to analyze the large volumes of emissions data generated from these studies. Models were developed that were able to accurately predict tail-pipe emissions from fuel chemical and physical compositional data. Some of the primary fuel precursors for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and C2-C4 alkene emissions are described. These studies demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between gasoline composition and tail-pipe emissions.
本文旨在综述当前有关燃料成分与车辆发动机尾气排放及排气管排放关系的研究，并概述该领域未来所需的研究。近期的一些燃烧实验和车辆研究表明，新配方汽油可减少车辆发动机尾气、排气管、行驶损失及蒸发排放。其中一些研究得以拓展，以了解燃料成分与排放之间的基本关系。为进一步确立这些关系，有必要开发用于燃料和车辆排放物中碳氢化合物定性和定量分析的先进分析方法。傅里叶变换红外光谱、激光二极管光谱和大气压电离质谱等实时技术的发展，有助于研究各种发动机运行条件下尾气排放的瞬态行为。使用特定燃料和燃料混合物的实验室研究，通过脉冲火焰燃烧器、单缸和多缸发动机以及车辆车队来进行。化学计量统计方法用于分析这些研究产生的大量排放数据。开发出了能够根据燃料化学和物理成分数据准确预测排气管排放的模型。描述了苯、1,3 - 丁二烯、甲醛、乙醛和C2 - C4烯烃排放的一些主要燃料前驱体。这些研究表明汽油成分与排气管排放之间存在密切关系。
