Ando K, Ishikawa A, Okura N
Department of Regional Culture, Faculty of International Studies of Culture, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan.
J Comp Neurol. 1994 Sep 15;347(3):357-68. doi: 10.1002/cne.903470304.
Double staining immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the origin and projection of nerves with substance P (SP) immunoreactivity (-IR) in the walls of the major cerebral arteries in two microchiropteran species. In the greater horseshoe bat, most of the cerebral perivascular nerves with SP-IR did not exhibit calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR, but emitted bright immunofluorescence for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In this species, a large number of cell bodies with both SP- and VIP-IR were observed in many cranial ganglia along various branches of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. There were no cell bodies immunoreactive for either SP and VIP in the two sensory (trigeminal and upper cervical dorsal root), two sympathetic (superior cervical and stellate), or two vagal (superior and jugular) ganglia. In addition, several thick fiber bundles with both SP- and VIP-IR were present in the wall of the cerebral carotid artery, and descended progressively reaching as far as the middle part of the basilar artery (BA). These and other findings suggest that SP-immunoreactive nerves with VIP-IR but not CGRP-IR, which contribute to the rich innervation of the vertebrobasilar system in the greater horseshoe bat, originate from neurons with the same combination of peptide-IR in the major or local facial or glossopharyngeal parasympathetic ganglia, and enter the cranial cavity along the internal carotid artery. In the bent-winged bat, however, cerebral perivascular SP-immunoreactive nerves, as well as SP-immunoreactive neurons within the trigeminal and upper cervical dorsal root ganglia (uCDRG), showed neither CGRP-IR nor VIP-IR, and were mostly confined to the caudal BA and the vertebral artery (VA). These observations, in addition to the projection of this nerve type to the BA via the VA as fiber bundles, or through the meninges, indicate that the principal source of the cerebrovascular SP-immunoreactive innervation in this species is the uCDRG.
采用免疫组织化学双重染色法，研究了两种小型翼手目动物大脑主要动脉壁中具有P物质（SP）免疫反应性（-IR）的神经的起源和投射。在大马蹄蝠中，大多数具有SP-IR的脑周血管神经不显示降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）-IR，但对血管活性肠肽（VIP）发出明亮的免疫荧光。在该物种中，在沿面神经和舌咽神经各分支的许多颅神经节中观察到大量同时具有SP-IR和VIP-IR的细胞体。在两个感觉神经节（三叉神经节和颈上背根神经节）、两个交感神经节（颈上神经节和星状神经节）或两个迷走神经节（迷走神经上神经节和颈静脉神经节）中，均未发现对SP或VIP呈免疫反应的细胞体。此外，在颈内动脉壁中存在几条同时具有SP-IR和VIP-IR的粗纤维束，并逐渐下降至基底动脉（BA）中部。这些以及其他发现表明，在大马蹄蝠中，具有VIP-IR而非CGRP-IR的SP免疫反应性神经有助于丰富椎基底系统的神经支配，它们起源于主要或局部面神经或舌咽副交感神经节中具有相同肽-IR组合的神经元，并沿颈内动脉进入颅腔。然而，在折翼蝠中，脑周血管SP免疫反应性神经以及三叉神经节和颈上背根神经节（uCDRG）内的SP免疫反应性神经元，既不显示CGRP-IR也不显示VIP-IR，且大多局限于尾侧BA和椎动脉（VA）。这些观察结果，除了这种神经类型作为纤维束或通过脑膜向BA的投射外，表明该物种脑血管SP免疫反应性神经支配的主要来源是uCDRG。
