Anglade I, Wang Y, Jensen J, Tramu G, Kah O, Conlon J M
Laboratoire de Neurocytochimie Fonctionelle, URA CNRS 339, Talence, France.
J Comp Neurol. 1994 Dec 1;350(1):63-74. doi: 10.1002/cne.903500105.
Galanin was purified from an extract of the stomach of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and its primary structure was established as Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser- Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu10-Leu-Gly-Pro-His-Gly-Ile-Asp-Gly-His-Arg20- Thr-Leu-Ser-Asp- Lys-His-Gly-Leu-Ala. Trout galanin shows six amino acid substitutions compared with pig galanin, but the N-terminal region (residues 1-14) has been fully conserved. The distribution of galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) structures in the trout brain and pituitary was studied via immunohistochemistry. GAL-IR cell bodies were observed only in the caudal telencephalon, the preoptic region, and the mediobasal hypothalamus. GAL-IR fibers, however, are widely distributed throughout the brain, with a much lower density in the midbrain and posterior brain than in the tel- and diencephalon. Particularly dense innervation of the mediobasal hypothalamus, the ventral and supracommissuralis parts of the caudal telencephalon, and the region above and below the anterior commissure was observed. A heavy innervation of the pituitary was consistently detected. GAL-IR fibers were present in neurohypophyseal digitations of both the anterior and intermediate lobes with highest density in the region of the proximal pars distalis, where growth hormone and gonadotropic cells are located. Fibers were also seen in digitations of the rostral pars distalis, in particular between the prolactin follicles. The distribution of GAL-IR neurons in the central nervous system and pituitary of the trout suggests that the peptide may exercise an important role in the regulation of neuroendocrine functions, particularly those related to reproduction.
甘丙肽是从虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的胃提取物中纯化得到的，其一级结构确定为甘氨酸-色氨酸-苏氨酸-亮氨酸-天冬酰胺-丝氨酸-丙氨酸-甘氨酸-酪氨酸-亮氨酸10-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-脯氨酸-组氨酸-甘氨酸-异亮氨酸-天冬氨酸-甘氨酸-组氨酸-精氨酸20-苏氨酸-亮氨酸-丝氨酸-天冬氨酸-赖氨酸-组氨酸-甘氨酸-亮氨酸-丙氨酸。与猪甘丙肽相比，鳟鱼甘丙肽有六个氨基酸替换，但N端区域（第1-14位氨基酸）完全保守。通过免疫组织化学研究了甘丙肽免疫反应性（GAL-IR）结构在鳟鱼脑和垂体中的分布。仅在尾端脑、视前区和中基底下丘脑观察到GAL-IR细胞体。然而，GAL-IR纤维广泛分布于整个大脑，中脑和后脑的密度远低于端脑和间脑。观察到中基底下丘脑、尾端脑腹侧和连合上部分以及前连合上方和下方区域有特别密集的神经支配。始终检测到垂体有大量神经支配。GAL-IR纤维存在于前叶和中叶的神经垂体指状突中，在生长激素和促性腺细胞所在的远侧部近端区域密度最高。在远侧部头侧指状突中也可见纤维，特别是在催乳素滤泡之间。鳟鱼中枢神经系统和垂体中GAL-IR神经元的分布表明，该肽可能在神经内分泌功能的调节中发挥重要作用，特别是与生殖相关的功能。
