Meltzer H Y, Lee M A, Ranjan R
Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;384:95-101. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05897.x.
The major advance in the psychopharmacology of schizophrenia has been the rediscovery of clozapine and the development of other novel antipsychotic drugs, all of which are superior to typical neuroleptic drugs with regard to extrapyramidal symptoms. Clozapine, the best studied of these agents, is also superior in efficacy with regard to psychopathology and cognitive function and has been shown not to cause tardive dyskinesia. A variety of other novel agents, e.g., risperidone, olanazpine, amperozide, seroquel, sertindole, zaprisidone and melperone, must be further studied to establish their efficacy relative to clozapine or the typical neuroleptics, or both. It is likely that these novel agents will displace the typical neuroleptic drugs as the primary treatment of schizophrenia.
精神分裂症精神药理学的主要进展是氯氮平的重新发现以及其他新型抗精神病药物的研发，所有这些药物在外锥体外系症状方面均优于传统抗精神病药物。氯氮平是这些药物中研究得最充分的，在精神病理学和认知功能方面疗效也更优，且已证实不会引起迟发性运动障碍。其他多种新型药物，如利培酮、奥氮平、氨哌齐特、喹硫平、舍吲哚、齐拉西酮和美哌隆，必须进一步研究以确定它们相对于氯氮平或传统抗精神病药物，或两者的疗效。这些新型药物很可能会取代传统抗精神病药物成为精神分裂症的主要治疗药物。
