Billiar T R
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ann Surg. 1995 Apr;221(4):339-49. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199504000-00003.
The author provides the reader with a view of the regulation and function of nitric oxide (NO), based on the three distinct enzyme isoforms that synthesize NO.
Nitric oxide is a short-lived molecule exhibiting functions as diverse as neurotransmission and microbial killing. Recent advances in the characterization of the enzymes responsible for NO synthesis and in the understanding of how NO interacts with targets have led to new insights into the many facets of this diverse molecule.
Nitric oxide is produced by one of three enzyme isoforms of NO synthesis. These enzymes vary considerably in their distribution, regulation, and function. Accordingly, the NO synthesis or lack of NO production will have consequences unique to that isoform. Therefore, this review summarizes the regulation and function of NO generated by each of the three isoforms.
Nitric oxide exhibits many unique characteristics that allow this molecule to perform so many functions. The amount, duration, and location of the NO synthesis will depend on the isoform of NO synthase expressed. For each isoform, there probably are disease processes in which deficiency states exist. For induced NO synthesis, states of overexpression exist.
Understanding the regulation and function of the enzymes that produce NO and the unique characteristics of each enzyme isoform is likely to lead to therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat a number of diseases.
基于合成一氧化氮（NO）的三种不同酶同工型，作者向读者展示了NO的调节作用和功能。
一氧化氮是一种寿命短暂的分子，具有神经传递和杀灭微生物等多种功能。在负责NO合成的酶的特性表征以及对NO如何与靶标相互作用的理解方面的最新进展，已为深入了解这种多面分子的诸多方面带来了新的见解。
一氧化氮由NO合成的三种酶同工型之一产生。这些酶在分布、调节和功能上有很大差异。因此，NO的合成或缺乏NO的产生会产生该同工型特有的后果。因此，本综述总结了三种同工型各自产生的NO的调节作用和功能。
一氧化氮具有许多独特的特性，使其能够发挥如此多的功能。NO合成的量、持续时间和位置将取决于所表达的NO合酶的同工型。对于每种同工型，可能都存在缺乏状态的疾病过程。对于诱导性NO合成，存在过表达状态。
了解产生NO的酶的调节作用和功能以及每种酶同工型的独特特性，可能会带来预防或治疗多种疾病的治疗方法。
