Single-strand-specific nucleases.

Single-strand-specific nucleases, which act on single-stranded nucleic acids and single-stranded regions in double-stranded nucleic acids, are multifunctional enzymes and are ubiquitous in distribution. They find wide application as analytical tools in molecular biology research, although enzymes such as P1 nuclease are also used for production of flavor enhancers such as 5' IMP and 5' GMP. Because these enzymes are mainly used as analytical tools, very little attention was paid to aspects relating to their structure-function relationships. However, during the last few years considerable developments have taken place in this area. Single-strand-specific nucleases, their purification, characteristics, biological role, and applications have been reviewed.