Smith C
Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ont., Canada.
Behav Brain Res. 1995 Jul-Aug;69(1-2):137-45. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00024-n.
Evidence for the involvement of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or paradoxical sleep (PS) with memory processing continues to accumulate. In animals, there is continuing evidence of relatively small, vulnerable paradoxical sleep windows (PSWs) following successful acquisition. These PSWs, which manifest as increases in PS over normal levels, appear to exhibit shorter latencies to onset when the amount of material presented during acquisition is increased. Prevention of the PSW results in memory deficits. In humans, there is now evidence that different types of tasks are differentially sensitive to rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMD). Memory for declarative or explicit types of tasks appear not to be affected by REM sleep loss, while memory for cognitive procedural or implicit types of material are impaired by REMD. Using post training auditory stimulation during REM sleep, memory enhancement of the procedural material is also possible. The memory for a fine motor task appears to be sensitive to post training stage 2 sleep loss. The important neural structures are generally not yet identifiable, although the hippocampus would appear to be important for place learning in the Morris water maze.
快速眼动（REM）睡眠或异相睡眠（PS）参与记忆处理的证据不断积累。在动物身上，持续有证据表明，成功习得后会出现相对较小的、易受影响的异相睡眠窗口（PSW）。这些PSW表现为PS超过正常水平，当习得过程中呈现的材料数量增加时，其开始出现的潜伏期似乎更短。阻止PSW会导致记忆缺陷。在人类中，现在有证据表明，不同类型的任务对快速眼动睡眠剥夺（REMD）的敏感度不同。陈述性或显性类型任务的记忆似乎不受REM睡眠缺失的影响，而认知程序性或隐性类型材料的记忆会因REMD而受损。在REM睡眠期间使用训练后听觉刺激，也可以增强程序性材料的记忆。精细运动任务的记忆似乎对训练后第二阶段睡眠缺失敏感。重要的神经结构通常尚未明确，尽管海马体似乎对莫里斯水迷宫中的位置学习很重要。
