Aircraft and ship disinfection.

Shipment of animals, animal products and foodstuffs (for human or animal consumption) by sea and air is economically important. However, the possibilities of pathogen transmission represent a genuine danger, even if veterinary controls are performed continuously. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites excreted by animals may contaminate surfaces and are protected by organic matter. Cleaning is an important step in the sanitizing process, and if this is performed well, more than 90% of microorganisms can be removed. Chemical disinfectants must be compatible with cleaning procedures, instruments and materials used previously, and should be without harmful effects on humans or animals. The author outlines the basic procedures and fundamental principles involved.