Bush J
Disasters. 1995 Sep;19(3):247-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00343.x.
Regional droughts carry the seeds of catastrophe: the immediate risk is famine; the long-term risk is destitution. Preventing both situations is an appropriate, if not essential, goal for relief agencies. In the past, responses to hunger in Turkana District (north-west Kenya) have taken the form of traditional feeding programmes. A better understanding of the boom/bust cycles in pastoralist systems has, however, produced new relief strategies. A central tenet of these strategies is the acceptance that relief aid should assume two roles: humanitarian--to overcome food deficits--and economic--to overcome 'income' deficits. Arguments in favour of a broader role for food aid are tested with a case study of a drought relief programme in north Turkana between 1992-1994. Field studies confirmed that when food aid is integrated as an asset into household resources, it can strengthen economic recovery. Ultimately, the extent to which relief operations are able to protect both people's lives and their livelihoods is the key to more sustainable development in drought-prone areas.
近期风险是饥荒，长期风险是贫困。对救援机构来说，防止这两种情况发生即便不是至关重要的目标，也是一个恰当的目标。过去，肯尼亚西北部图尔卡纳区应对饥饿的方式是传统的粮食供应计划。然而，对游牧系统兴衰周期的更深入了解催生了新的救援策略。这些策略的一个核心原则是，救援援助应发挥两个作用：人道主义作用——克服粮食短缺；经济作用——克服“收入”短缺。通过对1992年至1994年图尔卡纳北部干旱救援计划的案例研究，对支持粮食援助发挥更广泛作用的观点进行了验证。实地研究证实，当粮食援助作为一种资产纳入家庭资源时，它可以促进经济复苏。最终，救援行动在多大程度上能够保护人们的生命和生计，是干旱易发地区实现更可持续发展的关键。
