O'Connor P J, Youngstedt S D
Department of Exercise Science, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1995;23:105-34.
Several research paradigms have been used to examine the influence of exercise on sleep. Epidemiological studies show that exercise is perceived as helpful in promoting sleep and suggest that regular physical activity may be useful in improving sleep quality and reducing daytime sleepiness. Additional epidemiological inquiry is clearly warranted based on the available evidence. Acute exercise experiments that have measured sleep physiology directly from subjects who either performed, or refrained from, daytime exercise indicate that exercise is associated with a small, but reliable increase in Stage 2 and slow wave sleep. The mechanism(s) that underlie exercise-associated increases in SWS is unknown. However, there is evidence that links elevations in daytime core body temperature to increases in SWS. Acute exercise experiments were found to be associated with a reduction in REM sleep and a delay in REM onset latency that were larger in magnitude than the effects observed for Stage 2 and SWS. These REM sleep observations highlight the need for continued study of the consequences of exercise on both circadian and homeostatic aspects of sleep. The delay in REM onset latency observed in the naturalistic acute exercise studies was consistent with the results of experiments in which environmental factors were more rigorously controlled and showed that physical exercise, or a concomitant, can induce a phase delay in markers of the human circadian pacemaker. It is worth pointing out that the most sophisticated and rigorous experiments from a standpoint of understanding sleep, such as those involving constant routines, bed rest, and temporal isolation, have for the most part used exercise in a crude manner. Because exercise is a stressor with diverse psychophysiological consequences that depends in part upon the interaction of multiple factors (e.g., the setting; degree of environmental heat stress; the activity history and fitness of the subject; the duration, intensity, and timing of the exercise bout; body position, etc.), understanding the influence of exercise on sleep will be stymied until carefully designed sleep studies also use exercise in an equally sophisticated and systematic way. Exercise is widely believed to have large effects on sleep. However, the scientific evidence does not strongly support this common belief. This incongruity may well be explained in part by considering the paradigms that have been used to study exercise and sleep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
已有多种研究范式用于检验运动对睡眠的影响。流行病学研究表明，运动被认为有助于促进睡眠，并表明规律的体育活动可能有助于改善睡眠质量和减少日间嗜睡。基于现有证据，显然有必要进行更多的流行病学调查。直接测量进行或未进行日间运动的受试者睡眠生理的急性运动实验表明，运动与第二阶段睡眠和慢波睡眠的小幅但可靠的增加有关。运动相关的慢波睡眠增加的潜在机制尚不清楚。然而，有证据表明日间核心体温升高与慢波睡眠增加有关。急性运动实验发现与快速眼动睡眠减少以及快速眼动睡眠开始潜伏期延迟有关，其幅度大于第二阶段睡眠和慢波睡眠的观察效果。这些快速眼动睡眠观察结果凸显了持续研究运动对睡眠的昼夜节律和稳态方面影响的必要性。在自然主义急性运动研究中观察到的快速眼动睡眠开始潜伏期延迟与实验结果一致，在这些实验中环境因素得到了更严格的控制，表明体育锻炼或与之相关的因素可导致人类昼夜节律起搏器标志物的相位延迟。值得指出的是，从理解睡眠的角度来看，最复杂和严格的实验，如那些涉及固定作息、卧床休息和时间隔离的实验，在很大程度上对运动的使用方式较为粗糙。由于运动是一种具有多种心理生理后果的应激源，部分取决于多种因素的相互作用（例如环境、环境热应激程度、受试者的活动史和健康状况、运动时长、强度和时间、身体姿势等），在精心设计的睡眠研究也以同样复杂和系统的方式使用运动之前，理解运动对睡眠的影响将受到阻碍。人们普遍认为运动对睡眠有很大影响。然而，科学证据并不强烈支持这一普遍观点。这种不一致很可能部分是由于考虑用于研究运动和睡眠的范式而得到解释。（摘要截取自400字）
