Brauner N, Shacham M
School of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
Int J Biometeorol. 1995 Aug;39(1):46-52. doi: 10.1007/BF01320893.
The wind chill index (WCI) and the more widely used wind chill equivalent temperature represent an attempt to combine several weather-related variables (temperature, wind velocity and solar radiation) into a single index which can indicate human comfort. Since its introduction in 1945, the WCI has been criticized mainly on the ground that the underlying model does not comply with modern heat transfer theory. In spite of that, the WCI, "calibrated" to human comfort, has proven to be successful in predicting discomfort and tolerance of man to the cold. Nevertheless, neither the WCI nor the wind chill equivalent temperature can be actually measured and, therefore, without the additional 'calibration' they are meaningless. In this study we have shown that the WCI represents the instantaneous rate of heat loss from bare skin at the moment of exposure to the cold, and as such, it correlates reasonably well with measurable variables that represent a feeling of cold. Two new wind chill indicators have been introduced: exposed skin temperature and maximum exposure time. These indicators yield more information than the WCI provides, are measurable, have physical meaning and are based on established heat transfer principles.
风寒指数（WCI）以及应用更为广泛的风寒等效温度，旨在将多个与天气相关的变量（温度、风速和太阳辐射）整合为一个单一指数，用以表明人体的舒适度。自1945年推出以来，风寒指数主要因其基础模型不符合现代传热理论而受到批评。尽管如此，经过“校准”以适应人体舒适度的风寒指数，在预测人体对寒冷的不适程度和耐受能力方面已被证明是成功的。然而，风寒指数和风寒等效温度实际上都无法测量，因此，若没有额外的“校准”，它们就毫无意义。在本研究中，我们表明风寒指数代表了暴露于寒冷环境瞬间裸皮肤的即时热损失率，因此，它与代表寒冷感觉的可测量变量具有合理的良好相关性。我们引入了两个新的风寒指标：暴露皮肤温度和最大暴露时间。这些指标比风寒指数提供了更多信息，是可测量的，具有物理意义，并且基于既定的传热原理。
