Otsuka H, Inaba M, Fujikura T, Kunitomo M
Department of Otorhinolangology, Nippon Medical School, Dai 2 Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 Oct;96(4):528-36. doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70297-0.
In allergic rhinitis, metachromatic cells in the nasal epithelium increase in number and are thought to play an important role in nasal allergic manifestation.
To determine immunohistochemical and functional characteristics of the metachromatic cells, nasal scrapings and their dispersed cells from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were studied.
Eighty-three percent of all metachromatic cells in dispersed cell preparations were tryptase-positive mast cells (MCT), 10% were tryptase-chymase-positive cells (MCTC), and 7% were negative (n = 10). The mean histamine chymase-positive cells (MCTC), and 7% were negative (n = 10). The mean histamine content per metachromatic cell was 1.9 +/- 2 pg. The histamine content and histamine release from nasal surface scrapings of patients sensitized with mite antigen were strongly correlated with the level of serum IgE antibody for mite antigen. The net histamine release from nasal scraping was antigen-dose-dependent (1:2 x 10(7) to 1:2 x 10(3) dilution), and the antigen stimulated release of up to 17% of cell-associated histamine within 5 to 7 minutes. Histamine release from nasal scrapings induced by calcium ionophore A23187 was up to 21% of cell-associated histamine within 2 to 4 minutes, but no histamine release was stimulated by compound 48/80, substance P, or poly-L-lysine. Histamine release from nasal scrapings was inhibited 46% (10(-5) mol/L) to 96% (10(-4) mol/L) by quercetin and 58% (10(-4) mol/L) to 72% (10(-3) mol/L) by sodium cromoglycate.
These findings show the predominant characteristics of mast cells in the nasal epithelium in allergic rhinitis, and this information may be useful in relation to a therapeutic approach.
在变应性鼻炎中，鼻黏膜上皮中的异染细胞数量增加，被认为在鼻部变应性表现中起重要作用。
为确定异染细胞的免疫组化和功能特性，对常年性变应性鼻炎患者的鼻黏膜刮片及其分散细胞进行了研究。
在分散细胞制剂中，所有异染细胞的83%为类胰蛋白酶阳性肥大细胞（MCT），10%为类胰蛋白酶 - 糜蛋白酶阳性细胞（MCTC），7%为阴性（n = 10）。组胺含量和组胺释放与螨抗原致敏患者鼻表面刮片的血清IgE抗体水平密切相关。鼻黏膜刮片的净组胺释放呈抗原剂量依赖性（1:2×10⁷至1:2×10³稀释），抗原在5至7分钟内刺激释放高达17%的细胞相关组胺。钙离子载体A23187诱导的鼻黏膜刮片组胺释放在2至4分钟内高达细胞相关组胺的21%，但化合物48/80、P物质或聚-L-赖氨酸未刺激组胺释放。槲皮素（10⁻⁵mol/L）可使鼻黏膜刮片的组胺释放抑制46%，（10⁻⁴mol/L）时抑制96%；色甘酸钠（10⁻⁴mol/L）时抑制58%，（10⁻³mol/L）时抑制72%。
这些发现显示了变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜上皮中肥大细胞的主要特征，这些信息可能有助于治疗方法的研究。
