Heuschele W P
Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA 92112-0551, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1995 Jun;14(2):447-54. doi: 10.20506/rst.14.2.843.
Disinfection is used in the animal quarters of zoos and game parks as an adjunct to physical cleaning and the removal of potentially contaminated materials. Disinfection is particularly useful in reducing infection risks in young animal nursery facilities, and in routine cleaning operations of animal quarters and feeding utensils. Specific disinfectants may be selected for certain known microbial contaminants following an infectious disease outbreak. For example, premises contaminated by foot and mouth disease virus are usually disinfected with 2% sodium hydroxide (lye). The disinfectants most commonly used in zoo operations usually have a broad spectrum of microbicidal activities, such as o-phenylphenol salts, especially sodium o-phenylphenol. Equally popular for routine cleaning and sanitizing operations in zoos are quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite). It is important to remember that many disinfectants are protoplasmic poisons, or may be caustic or corrosive. Animals must usually be excluded from facilities being disinfected and premises should be rinsed thoroughly, after a suitable environmental exposure time to such disinfectants, before animals are allowed to return.
消毒在动物园和野生动物园的动物饲养区中用作物理清洁和清除潜在污染物质的辅助手段。消毒在降低幼崽保育设施的感染风险以及动物饲养区和喂食器具的日常清洁操作中特别有用。在传染病爆发后，可针对某些已知的微生物污染物选择特定的消毒剂。例如，被口蹄疫病毒污染的场所通常用2%的氢氧化钠（碱液）进行消毒。动物园运营中最常用的消毒剂通常具有广泛的杀微生物活性，如邻苯基苯酚盐，尤其是邻苯基苯酚钠。季铵化合物和含氯漂白剂（次氯酸钠）在动物园的日常清洁和消毒操作中同样常用。重要的是要记住，许多消毒剂是原生质毒物，或者可能具有腐蚀性或苛性。通常必须将动物排除在正在消毒的设施之外，并且在动物返回之前，在消毒剂进行适当的环境暴露时间后，场所应彻底冲洗。
