Mikkelsen H B
Department of Anatomy, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Histol Histopathol. 1995 Jul;10(3):719-36.
The literature on macrophages in the muscularis externa of mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, dog and human gut is reviewed. In smaller mammals macrophages are regularly situated in two locations: in the serosa and at the level of Auerbach's plexus between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers. In addition a few solitary cells are present at the level of the deep muscular plexus. At the level of Auerbach's plexus the macrophages occur as a constant and regularly distributed cell population with intimate associations between macrophages and interstitial cells of Cajal. Morphologically they differ from most resident macrophages in being irregular in shape with 4-6 primary cytoplasmic processes, which branch and give a stellate appearance. They have been demonstrated with endocytotic markers (trypan red, FITC-dextran, cholera toxin), immunocytochemically with macrophage antibodies (F4/80, M1/70) and antibodies against MHC class-II antigen, GABA and cGMP. In muscularis externa of the human gut a regularly distributed cell population of macrophages is not obvious. However, a phenotypically distinct subgroup is identified by light microscopy with the pan macrophage antibodies (EBM11, C3b1 and partly by p150.95), and shows MHC class-II antigen. By electron microscopy muscularis externa macrophages, in all species investigated, appear to be endocytically downregulated, and since they are lysozyme, prostaglandine H synthase (both constitutive and activated) and acid phosphatase negative, they appear to be inactivated cells. Both origin and function of these cells are unknown. They may be immuno-competent, participate in a neuroimmune axis, tissue growth and modulation or other regulations of specific cell functions.
本文综述了关于小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、猫、狗和人类肠道肌层巨噬细胞的文献。在较小的哺乳动物中，巨噬细胞通常位于两个位置：浆膜层以及纵行肌层和环行肌层之间的奥尔巴赫神经丛水平。此外，在深部肌丛水平存在一些单个细胞。在奥尔巴赫神经丛水平，巨噬细胞作为一个恒定且规则分布的细胞群体存在，与 Cajal 间质细胞密切相关。从形态学上看，它们与大多数驻留巨噬细胞不同，形状不规则，有 4 - 6 个主要的细胞质突起，这些突起分支并呈现出星状外观。它们已通过内吞标记物（锥虫红、异硫氰酸荧光素 - 葡聚糖、霍乱毒素）、用巨噬细胞抗体（F4/80、M1/70）以及抗 MHC Ⅱ类抗原、γ - 氨基丁酸和环磷酸鸟苷的抗体进行免疫细胞化学鉴定。在人类肠道肌层中，规则分布的巨噬细胞群体并不明显。然而，通过全巨噬细胞抗体（EBM11、C3b1 以及部分通过 p150.95）在光学显微镜下鉴定出一个表型独特的亚群，且该亚群显示 MHC Ⅱ类抗原。通过电子显微镜观察，在所有研究的物种中，肌层巨噬细胞的内吞作用似乎下调，并且由于它们溶菌酶、前列腺素 H 合酶（组成型和活化型）和酸性磷酸酶均为阴性，它们似乎是失活细胞。这些细胞的起源和功能均未知。它们可能具有免疫活性，参与神经免疫轴、组织生长和调节或其他特定细胞功能的调节。
