Jolley S G, McClelland K K, Mosesso-Rousseau M
Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Sunrise Hospital and Medical Center, University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, Las Vegas, USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 1995 Aug;4(3):157-65.
Although true vomiting is an unusual manifestation of pharyngeal or swallowing disorders in infants and children, the forceful regurgitation of feedings seen with respiratory distress in these children may be interpreted by the clinician as vomiting episodes. This scenerio usually is caused by structural abnormalities of the upper airway or swallowing discoordination placing food as an obstruction in the airway during feedings. A good clinical history and physical examination of affected children often will disclose an anatomic cause for regurgitated feedings, but swallowing disorders are more subtle and usually require a complete swallowing evaluation. The essential components in treating these problems in children include the removal of the airway obstruction or rehabilitation of feeding and swallowing. The approach to treatment is often multidisciplinary in nature and highly individualized.
尽管真正的呕吐在婴幼儿和儿童中并非咽部或吞咽障碍的常见表现，但这些儿童因呼吸窘迫出现的强力喂食反流可能会被临床医生解读为呕吐发作。这种情况通常是由上呼吸道结构异常或吞咽失调导致的，即在喂食时食物阻塞气道。对患病儿童进行详细的临床病史询问和体格检查，往往能揭示反流喂食的解剖学原因，但吞咽障碍更为隐匿，通常需要进行全面的吞咽评估。治疗儿童这些问题的关键措施包括解除气道阻塞或恢复喂食及吞咽功能。治疗方法通常具有多学科性质且高度个体化。
