Schiffman S, Pasternak M
J Gerontol. 1979 Jan;34(1):73-9. doi: 10.1093/geronj/34.1.73.
Sixteen young students, aged 19-25, and 16 healthy elderly subjects, aged 72-78, rated the odor similarity for all 91 combinations of pairs of 14 commercial food flavors. Hedonic ratings were also obtained. Two multidimensional scaling procedures, INDSCAL (Carroll & Chang, 1970) and SSAI-MINISSA (Guttman, 1968; Lingoes, 1965), were applied to the similarity data, yielding flavor spaces or maps which were similar to one another. INDSCAL, an individual difference model, provided weights for each subject on each of the dimensions of a multidimensional space common to all subjects; the weights indicated that the young subjects, but not the elderly ones, were well represented by the common multidimensional arrangement with some idiosyncratic stretching along the axes. The weights and individual subject spaces suggested that the ability of subjects to judge qualitative odor differences between food flavors may decrease with age. Elderly subjects were best at discriminating fruits from the rest of the stimuli.
16名年龄在19至25岁之间的年轻学生和16名年龄在72至78岁之间的健康老年人，对14种市售食品香料两两组合的所有91种组合的气味相似度进行了评分。同时也获得了喜好度评分。两种多维标度程序，即INDSCAL（卡罗尔和张，1970年）和SSAI - MINISSA（古特曼，1968年；林戈斯，1965年），被应用于相似度数据，得出了彼此相似的香料空间或图谱。INDSCAL是一种个体差异模型，为所有受试者共有的多维空间的每个维度上的每个受试者提供权重；权重表明，年轻受试者在这个共同的多维排列中能得到很好的体现，只是在轴向上有一些特殊的拉伸，而老年受试者并非如此。权重和个体受试者空间表明，受试者判断食品香料之间定性气味差异的能力可能会随着年龄增长而下降。老年受试者在区分水果与其他刺激物方面表现最佳。
