Yilmaz E H, Warren W H
Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1995 Oct;21(5):996-1014. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.21.5.996.
Deceleration during braking could be controlled by (a) using the time derivative of the relative rate of optical expansion, relative to a -0.5 margin value of tau-dot (D.N. Lee, 1976) or (b) computing the required deceleration from spatial variables (i.e., perceived distance, velocity, or object size). Participants viewed closed-loop displays of approach to an object and regulated their deceleration with a brake. The object appeared on a checkerboard ground surface (providing velocity, distance, and size information) or with no background (providing only optical expansion). Mean tau-dot during braking was -0.51, and estimates of the critical value of tau-dot based on brake adjustments were -0.44 and -0.52, close to the expected value. There were no overall effects of the ground surface or object size. The results are consistent with a tau-dot strategy, where the direction and magnitude of brake adjustments are regulated using tau-dot.
(a) 使用相对于τ̇的 -0.5 裕度值的光学膨胀相对速率的时间导数（D.N. 李，1976 年），或者 (b) 根据空间变量（即感知距离、速度或物体大小）计算所需的减速度。参与者观看接近物体的闭环显示，并通过刹车调节他们的减速。物体出现在棋盘状地面上（提供速度、距离和大小信息）或没有背景（仅提供光学膨胀）。制动过程中的平均τ̇为 -0.51，基于刹车调节的τ̇临界值估计为 -0.44 和 -0.52，接近预期值。地面或物体大小没有总体影响。结果与τ̇策略一致，即使用τ̇来调节刹车调节的方向和幅度。
