Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience and Mental Health, Guangzhou, China.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2023 Nov;85(8):2821-2833. doi: 10.3758/s13414-023-02782-6. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
It is a familiar but challenging task to manually transfer a liquid-filled container without spilling. The action requires stringent control because the dynamics of interacting with the non-rigid aqueous content is complex. In this work, we sought to discover what properties of a liquid-filled container were predictive of transfer without spilling performance. Two candidate variables were tested (Experiment 1): The distance between liquid surface and the container's rim (h) and the container's diameter (d). Participants attempted to transfer 15 containers (3 ds and 5 hs), one at a time and as fast as possible, without spilling. Kinematic analyses showed that the movement's peak velocity and the first peak acceleration were affected by h; the movement time and the frequency of acceleration change were affected by h and d in a hierarchical manner, where transfer without spilling was first affected by h and for full containers, the thick ones were moved more slowly and went through more acceleration change; for not so full containers, the container's diameter did not have any effect. Next, each of the 15 containers was compared with the other 14, and participants judged from a pair of displayed containers which one was more likely to be moved fast without spilling (Experiment 2). Perceived affordance was affected by h and d but not by whether containers were placed upright or tilted. In general, thinner and less full containers were judged as easier to be moved fast without spilling.
将装满液体的容器无溢出地转移是一项常见但具有挑战性的任务。该操作需要严格的控制，因为与非刚性水相内容物相互作用的动力学非常复杂。在这项工作中，我们试图发现哪些与装满液体的容器相关的特性可以预测无溢出转移性能。我们测试了两个候选变量（实验 1）：液面与容器边缘之间的距离（h）和容器的直径（d）。参与者尝试以最快的速度转移 15 个容器（3 个高容器和 5 个低容器），且不能溢出。运动学分析表明，运动的峰值速度和第一峰值加速度受到 h 的影响；运动时间和加速度变化的频率受到 h 和 d 的分层影响，其中无溢出转移首先受到 h 的影响，对于装满的容器，较厚的容器移动得更慢，经历更多的加速度变化；对于没有那么满的容器，容器的直径没有任何影响。接下来，将每个容器与其他 14 个容器进行比较，参与者根据显示的一对容器判断哪个容器更有可能快速无溢出地移动（实验 2）。感知的可及性受到 h 和 d 的影响，但不受容器是否垂直或倾斜放置的影响。一般来说，较薄和不太满的容器被认为更容易快速无溢出地移动。
