Smith M C, Stullenbarger E
University of Alabama School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-1210, USA.
Cancer Nurs. 1995 Jun;18(3):167-79.
The systematic accumulation of widely scattered research results is essential to developing a scientific basis for clinical practice. The purposes of this study were to describe 10 years of patient-related oncology nursing research in the United States, assess effectiveness of interventions, and test a prototype for research synthesis projects. Using a nursing framework and strategies of integrative research review and meta-analysis, 428 studies were selected for the study. The studies were found to be predominantly descriptive (90%), with convenience samples (79%), and a median sample size of 48. Subjects were predominantly in treatment or rehabilitation (52%), with demographic and stage of disease characteristics largely unreported. Of the 428 studies, 42 met the criteria for meta-analytic treatment. Interventions were found to be significantly effective, with membership in the intervention group improving success rate by 22%. The prototype was judged highly for adherence to standards and usefulness for adaptation to other research syntheses. Because of wide diversity in topics studied, missing information on subjects, and lack of replication, implications for research-based practice are premature at this time. Recommendations for future research include new studies, replications, and new research syntheses with an international scope for nurses studying and providing cancer care.
广泛分散的研究成果的系统积累对于建立临床实践的科学基础至关重要。本研究的目的是描述美国10年来与患者相关的肿瘤护理研究，评估干预措施的有效性，并测试研究综合项目的一个原型。使用护理框架以及综合研究综述和荟萃分析的策略，为该研究选择了428项研究。发现这些研究主要是描述性的（90%），采用便利抽样（79%），样本量中位数为48。受试者主要处于治疗或康复阶段（52%），人口统计学和疾病阶段特征大多未报告。在428项研究中，42项符合荟萃分析治疗的标准。发现干预措施具有显著效果，干预组的参与使成功率提高了22%。该原型在遵守标准和对其他研究综合的适用性方面得到了高度评价。由于所研究主题的广泛多样性、受试者信息缺失以及缺乏重复性，目前基于研究的实践的意义尚不成熟。对未来研究的建议包括开展新的研究、进行重复研究以及开展具有国际范围的新的研究综合，以供研究和提供癌症护理的护士使用。
