Singh P, Maibach H I
Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco 94143-0989, USA.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1994;11(2-3):161-213.
Passive delivery of most compounds across different epithelia is limited due to the barrier properties afforded by these epithelia. Iontophoresis is a novel drug delivery system designed to improve the delivery rate of compounds. The technique generates an electrical potential gradient that facilitates the movement of solute ions across the membrane. Iontophoresis has been used has been used greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. The potential of iontophoresis for systemic delivery is being rediscovered, and the technique has been observed to be particularly effective for ionic drugs. It also enhances transdermal permeation of neutral compounds by the process of electroosmosis. The recent enthusiasm for iontophoresis may also be attributed to successful production of therapeutically active protein and peptide drugs by employing recombinant DNA technology. Because of their charged nature and relatively large molecular size, iontophoresis may provide means for their effective delivery. This review discusses the basic principles and applications of iontophoresis in dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and dentistry. In addition, the systemic applications of iontophoresis with emphasis on protein and peptide delivery are reviewed.
由于不同上皮组织具有屏障特性，大多数化合物通过这些上皮组织的被动转运受到限制。离子电渗疗法是一种旨在提高化合物递送速率的新型药物递送系统。该技术产生一个电势梯度，促进溶质离子跨膜移动。离子电渗疗法在多汗症治疗中取得了最大成功。离子电渗疗法用于全身给药的潜力正在被重新发现，并且已观察到该技术对离子药物特别有效。它还通过电渗作用增强中性化合物的透皮渗透。近期对离子电渗疗法的热情也可能归因于通过采用重组DNA技术成功生产治疗活性蛋白质和肽类药物。由于它们的带电性质和相对较大的分子尺寸，离子电渗疗法可能为其有效递送提供手段。本文综述了离子电渗疗法在皮肤科、眼科、耳鼻喉科和牙科的基本原理及应用。此外，还综述了离子电渗疗法的全身应用，重点是蛋白质和肽的递送。
