大鼠脑池内注射非离子型X射线造影剂后的神经毒性
Neurotoxicity of non-ionic X-ray contrast media after intracisternal administration in rats.
作者信息
Wible J H, Barco S J, Scherrer D E, Wojdyla J K, Adams M D
机构信息
Mallinckrodt Medical Inc., St. Louis, MO 63134, USA.
出版信息
Eur J Radiol. 1995 Mar;19(3):206-11. doi: 10.1016/0720-048x(94)00599-8.
The neurotoxicity of an X-ray contrast medium appears inversely related to the hydrophilicity of the agent. To further test this hypothesis, four non-ionic X-ray contrast agents, differing in hydrophilicity, (ioversol, iopromide, iohexol and iopamidol) were injected into the cisternal magna of ether-anesthetized rats. Iopromide demonstrated an acute median lethal dose of 122 mg I/kg. Other signs of toxicity included convulsions, apnea, dyspnea and hypoactivity. In contrast, ioversol, iohexol and iopamidol caused no deaths when administered intracisternally, up to a dose of 1000 mg I/kg. Animals treated with these nonionic agents displayed signs of convulsions, apnea, dyspnea, chewing and hypoactivity. Iopromide possesses a hydrophilicity (e.g., water to octanol partition coefficient) approximately 8.5 times smaller than ioversol, 4.6 times smaller than iohexol and 2.3 times smaller than iopamidol. These data support the hypothesis that tri-iodinated X-ray contrast materials with smaller degrees of hydrophilicity produce greater toxicity to the central nervous system.
X射线造影剂的神经毒性似乎与该制剂的亲水性呈负相关。为了进一步验证这一假设，将四种亲水性不同的非离子型X射线造影剂（碘海醇、碘普罗胺、碘克沙醇和碘帕醇）注入乙醚麻醉大鼠的小脑延髓池。碘普罗胺的急性半数致死剂量为122 mg I/kg。其他毒性迹象包括惊厥、呼吸暂停、呼吸困难和活动减退。相比之下，当鞘内给药剂量高达1000 mg I/kg时，碘海醇、碘克沙醇和碘帕醇未导致死亡。用这些非离子型制剂处理的动物表现出惊厥、呼吸暂停、呼吸困难、咀嚼和活动减退的迹象。碘普罗胺的亲水性（如水与辛醇分配系数）比碘海醇小约8.5倍，比碘克沙醇小4.6倍，比碘帕醇小2.3倍。这些数据支持了以下假设：亲水性较低的三碘代X射线造影剂对中枢神经系统产生更大的毒性。
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