Holleran S, Jones M R, Butler D
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 May;21(3):737-53. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.3.737.
Two experiments investigated the influence of melodic and harmonic context on the obviousness of pitch changes in 3 Western tonal melodies. In Experiment 1, listeners with different levels of musical skill heard standard melodies followed by comparison melodies in which single pitch changes could occur. In-key pitch changes that were not implied by the local harmony were judged more obvious than in-key pitch changes that were so implied. This effect was influenced by the surrounding context of melodic line and chords and was absent when the context contained chords that were not consistent with the harmony implied by the melodic line. In Experiment 2, with similar listeners, implied harmony effects were eliminated by removing parts of the melodic line, indicating the relative importance of melodic context as a determinant of implied harmony. Questionnaire data suggested that knowledge of tonal relationships was tacit, even in many trained listeners.
两项实验研究了旋律与和声背景对3首西方调性旋律音高变化明显程度的影响。在实验1中，具有不同音乐技能水平的听众先听标准旋律，然后听可能出现单音高变化的对比旋律。未被局部和声暗示的调内音高变化比被如此暗示的调内音高变化被判定为更明显。这种效应受到旋律线和和弦的周围背景的影响，当背景包含与旋律线所暗示的和声不一致的和弦时，这种效应就不存在了。在实验2中，对于类似的听众，通过去除部分旋律线消除了暗示和声效应，这表明旋律背景作为暗示和声的决定因素的相对重要性。问卷调查数据表明，即使在许多经过训练的听众中，调性关系的知识也是隐性的。
