Schmuckler M A, Boltz M G
Division of Life Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Sep;56(3):313-25. doi: 10.3758/bf03209765.
The effects of harmony and rhythm on expectancy formation were studied in two experiments. In both studies, we generated musical passages consisting of a melodic line accompanied by four harmonic (chord) events. These sequences varied in their harmonic content, the rhythmic periodicity of the three context chords prior to the final chord, and the ending time of the final chord itself. In Experiment 1, listeners provided ratings for how well the final chord in a chord sequence fit their expectations for what was to come next; analyses revealed subtle changes in ratings as a function of both harmonic and rhythmic variation. Experiment 2 extended these results; listeners made a speeded reaction time judgment on whether the final chord of a sequence belonged with its set of context chords. Analysis of the reaction time data suggested that harmonic and rhythmic variation also influenced the speed of musical processing. These results are interpreted with reference to current models of music cognition, and they highlight the need for rhythmical weighting factors within the psychological representation of tonal/pitch information.
在两项实验中研究了和声与节奏对预期形成的影响。在这两项研究中，我们生成了由旋律线以及四个和声（和弦）事件组成的音乐段落。这些序列在和声内容、最后一个和弦之前的三个背景和弦的节奏周期性以及最后一个和弦本身的结束时间方面各不相同。在实验1中，听众对和弦序列中的最后一个和弦与他们对接下来内容的预期的契合程度进行评分；分析揭示了评分随和声和节奏变化而产生的细微变化。实验2扩展了这些结果；听众对序列的最后一个和弦是否与其背景和弦组相匹配进行快速反应时间判断。对反应时间数据的分析表明，和声和节奏变化也影响了音乐处理的速度。这些结果参照当前的音乐认知模型进行了解释，并且它们凸显了在音高/音高信息的心理表征中需要节奏加权因素。
