Bastos I, Mallya J, Ingvarsson L, Reimer A, Andréasson L
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1995 Apr;32(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/0165-5876(94)01904-c.
A total of 854 schoolchildren from one urban and one rural district in northern Tanzania were examined for the presence of middle ear pathology and hearing loss by means of pneumotoscopy and screening audiometry (air conduction). The prevalence of chronic otitis media (COM) was 1.6%, with no difference between urban and rural children. Scarred and sclerotic tympanic membranes were found in 10.9% of urban children and in 15.1% of rural children, the difference being significant. Hearing loss within the speech frequency range in all the children studied was found in 37% of the urban children and in 18% of the rural children. However, the prevalence of hearing loss above 30 dB HL was 3% in both districts. High frequency loss was significantly more common among urban than among rural children. Undetected severe hearing impairment/deafness was found in three children in the rural district, while none was found in the urban district.
通过鼓气耳镜检查和筛查听力测定（气导），对坦桑尼亚北部一个城市和一个农村地区的854名学童进行了中耳病理学和听力损失检查。慢性中耳炎（COM）的患病率为1.6%，城市和农村儿童之间无差异。城市儿童中10.9%和农村儿童中15.1%发现鼓膜瘢痕化和硬化，差异显著。在所有研究儿童中，城市儿童37%和农村儿童18%在言语频率范围内存在听力损失。然而，两个地区听力损失高于30 dB HL的患病率均为3%。高频损失在城市儿童中比农村儿童中明显更常见。农村地区有3名儿童未被检测出严重听力障碍/失聪，而城市地区未发现此类情况。
