Needleman H L, Gunnoe C, Leviton A, Reed R, Peresie H, Maher C, Barrett P
N Engl J Med. 1979 Mar 29;300(13):689-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197903293001301.
To measure the neuropsychologic effects of unidentified childhood exposure to lead, the performance of 58 children with high and 100 with low dentine lead levels was compared. Children with lead levels scored significantly less well on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) than those with low lead levels. This difference was also apparent on verbal subtests, on three other measures of auditory or speech processing and on a measure of attention. Analysis of variance showed that none of these differences could be explained by any of the 39 other variables studied. Also evaluated by a teachers' questionnaire was the classroom behavior of all children (2146 in number) whose teeth were analyzed. The frequency of non-adaptive classroom behavior increased in a dose-related fashion to dentine lead level. Lead exposure, at doses below those producing symptoms severe enough to be diagnosed clinically, appears to be associated with neuropsychologic deficits that may interfere with classroom performance.
为了测量儿童时期接触不明铅源对神经心理的影响，研究人员比较了58名牙质铅含量高的儿童和100名牙质铅含量低的儿童的表现。牙质铅含量高的儿童在韦氏儿童智力量表（修订版）上的得分明显低于牙质铅含量低的儿童。这种差异在言语分测验、其他三项听觉或言语处理测量以及一项注意力测量中也很明显。方差分析表明，这些差异均无法用所研究的其他39个变量中的任何一个来解释。研究人员还通过教师问卷对所有接受牙齿分析的儿童（共2146名）的课堂行为进行了评估。非适应性课堂行为的频率与牙质铅含量呈剂量相关增加。在低于产生严重到足以临床诊断症状剂量的铅暴露，似乎与可能干扰课堂表现的神经心理缺陷有关。
