Gamble C L
Cooper Clinic Osteoporosis Center, Fort Smith, AR, USA.
Geriatrics. 1995 Aug;50(8):39-43.
Preventing bone loss and avoiding fractures are the most effective therapies for osteoporosis. Nondrug measures include weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium intake, and the prevention of falls. Estrogen replacement therapy can protect bone from rapid demineralization typical of the early post-menopausal period. New research has provided more data on estrogen's safety and efficacy. Calcitonin is an option when estrogen is contraindicated. Although calcitonin requires frequent injections, it does provide some analgesic effect for patients with osteoporosis-related fracture. Fluoride and etidronate have shown promise but remain investigational due to questions about long-term effects on bone mass. Potent third-generation bisphosphonates are being studied and may be available soon.
预防骨质流失和避免骨折是治疗骨质疏松症最有效的方法。非药物措施包括负重锻炼、充足的钙摄入以及预防跌倒。雌激素替代疗法可以保护骨骼，防止绝经后早期典型的快速脱矿质。新的研究提供了更多关于雌激素安全性和有效性的数据。当雌激素禁忌时，降钙素是一种选择。尽管降钙素需要频繁注射，但它确实能为患有骨质疏松症相关骨折的患者提供一定的镇痛效果。氟化物和依替膦酸盐已显示出前景，但由于对骨量的长期影响存在疑问，仍在研究中。强效第三代双膦酸盐正在研究中，可能很快就会上市。
