Ringen K, Seegal J, Englund A
Center to Protect Workers' Rights, Washington, D.C. 20001, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:165-88. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.001121.
Workers in the building, renovation, and demolition of roads and commercial structures in the U.S. suffer a disproportionate share of occupational fatalities and lost-time injuries. Nearly all of the injuries and deaths are preventable. The fatality rate from work-related ailments, such as cancers and silicosis, is believed to be excessive, but is not generally computed. The safety and health problems are tied largely to the construction industry's organization and how the work is performed. Many hazardous exposures result from inadequacies in access to information, measurement technology, and personal protective equipment. Potential solutions are in labor-management site safety and health planning and management, education and training of workers and supervisors, new technologies, federal regulation, workers' compensation law, medical monitoring, and occupational health delivery. Public health opportunities involve health care delivery systems, improved preventive medicine, disability determination and rehabilitation programs, and research, beginning with the standardization of data to monitor these problems.
在美国，从事道路及商业建筑的新建、翻新和拆除工作的工人，在职业死亡和工伤中所占比例过高。几乎所有这些伤亡都是可以预防的。与工作相关的疾病，如癌症和矽肺病的死亡率据信过高，但通常并未计算在内。安全和健康问题在很大程度上与建筑业的组织方式以及工作的执行方式有关。许多有害暴露源于信息获取、测量技术和个人防护设备方面的不足。潜在的解决办法包括劳资双方的现场安全与健康规划及管理、对工人和主管的教育与培训、新技术、联邦监管、工人赔偿法、医疗监测以及职业健康服务。公共卫生方面的机遇涉及医疗服务体系、改进的预防医学、残疾判定与康复项目以及研究，首先要对数据进行标准化处理以监测这些问题。
