Ware J E
Health Institute, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:327-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.001551.
General health status and a broader concept of quality of life are discussed and methods of widely used surveys are reviewed. A consensus regarding the inclusion of measures of physical, mental, social, and role functioning and general health perceptions is noted for comprehensive assessments of health. A schematic of relationships among condition-specific and generic measures is presented along with results expected for objective and subjective measures of physical and mental dimensions of health. Suggestions are offered for the labeling of disease-specific and generic measures and ways to avoid confounding of content. Applications of health surveys in general population monitoring, health policy evaluation, clinical trials of alternative treatments, monitoring and improving of health care outcomes, and in everyday clinical practice are exemplified and discussed. A unified measurement strategy is proposed and arguments in favor of standardizing the content of health surveys across applications are offered.
讨论了总体健康状况和更广泛的生活质量概念，并回顾了广泛使用的调查方法。注意到在将身体、心理、社会和角色功能以及总体健康认知的测量纳入健康综合评估方面达成了共识。展示了特定疾病和通用测量之间关系的示意图，以及健康身体和心理维度的客观和主观测量预期结果。针对特定疾病和通用测量的标签以及避免内容混淆的方法提出了建议。举例并讨论了健康调查在一般人群监测、健康政策评估、替代治疗临床试验、医疗保健结果监测与改善以及日常临床实践中的应用。提出了统一的测量策略，并提供了支持跨应用标准化健康调查内容的论据。
