Hennessy C H, Moriarty D G, Zack M M, Scherr P A, Brackbill R
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341.
Public Health Rep. 1994 Sep-Oct;109(5):665-72.
In public health research and practice, quality of life is increasingly acknowledged as a valid and appropriate indicator of service need and intervention outcomes. Health-related quality of life measures, including objective and subjective assessments of health, are particularly useful for evaluating efforts in the prevention of disabling chronic diseases. Such data can inform health policy, planning, and practice. Mechanisms for routinely monitoring quality of life of populations at the State and local levels are currently lacking, however. This article discusses the rationale for and concepts measured by four quality of life questions developed for the 1993 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a State-based telephone surveillance system. To encourage quality of life surveillance by States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion held two related workshops, one in December 1991 and the other in June 1992. The workshops convened experts in quality of life and functional status measurement and resulted in the formulation of items for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on self-perceived health, recent physical and mental health, and recent limitation in usual activities. The criteria, including feasibility and generalizability, considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the workshop participants in the selection and development of these items are discussed. A model that conceptualizes the relationship of quality of life domains measured by the four survey items is presented and validated with preliminary data from the 1993 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Finally, how States can use these measures to track progress towards the Year 2000 goal of improving quality of life is discussed.
在公共卫生研究与实践中，生活质量日益被视为服务需求及干预效果的有效且恰当指标。与健康相关的生活质量衡量标准，包括对健康的客观与主观评估，对于评估预防致残性慢性病的工作尤为有用。此类数据可为卫生政策、规划及实践提供参考依据。然而，目前州和地方层面尚缺乏对人群生活质量进行常规监测的机制。本文探讨了为1993年行为危险因素监测系统（一个基于州的电话监测系统）所开发的四个生活质量问题的依据及所衡量的概念。为鼓励各州开展生活质量监测，疾病控制与预防中心的国家慢性病预防与健康促进中心于1991年12月和1992年6月举办了两次相关研讨会。这些研讨会召集了生活质量和功能状态测量方面的专家，最终形成了行为危险因素监测系统中关于自我感知健康、近期身心健康以及近期日常活动受限情况的项目。文中还讨论了疾病控制与预防中心以及研讨会参与者在选择和制定这些项目时所考虑的标准，包括可行性和普遍性。本文提出了一个概念模型，用以阐述由这四个调查项目所衡量的生活质量领域之间的关系，并利用1993年行为危险因素监测系统的初步数据进行了验证。最后，探讨了各州如何利用这些措施来追踪实现2000年改善生活质量目标的进展情况。
