Cummings P, Koepsell T D, Mueller B A
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104-2499, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:381-400. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.002121.
In the past decade there has been increasing attention to the public health importance of injuries. Public health agencies seeking to reduce injuries need methods for counting injuries, calculating injury rates, identifying the causes of injuries, and measuring outcomes of interventions. All of these areas present problems for injury epidemiologists and injury prevention programs. This paper provides a framework for classifying these problems into five categories: (a) numerator problems; (b) denominator problems; (c) causation; (d) exposure measurement problems; and (e) multiplicity. For most problems, we identify proven or potential solutions, using examples from the literature of injury epidemiology.
在过去十年中，人们越来越关注伤害对公共卫生的重要性。寻求减少伤害的公共卫生机构需要用于统计伤害、计算伤害率、确定伤害原因以及衡量干预措施效果的方法。所有这些领域都给伤害流行病学家和伤害预防项目带来了问题。本文提供了一个框架，将这些问题分为五类：(a) 分子问题；(b) 分母问题；(c) 因果关系；(d) 暴露测量问题；以及 (e) 多样性。对于大多数问题，我们利用伤害流行病学文献中的实例，确定了已证实的或潜在的解决方案。
