van Duijkeren E, van Klingeren B, Vulto A G, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M M, Breukink H J, van Miert A S
Department of Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Vet Microbiol. 1995 Jun;45(1):19-26. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00124-f.
The in vitro activity of 17 antimicrobial drugs against strains of Salmonella typhimurium (n = 52), Salmonella thompson (n = 2), Salmonella heidelberg (n = 3), Salmonella hadar (n = 2), Salmonella enteritidis (n = 1), Salmonella infantis (n = 1) and Salmonella derby (n = 1) was tested using the agar dilution method. The strains were isolated from horses admitted to the Large Animal Clinics of Utrecht University. The majority of strains were susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, flumequine, colistine, furazolidone and ceftiofur. However, all strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 200 (n = 14), were multiresistant i.e. were resistant to ampicillin amoxycillin, amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, aditoprim and baquiloprim. Two of these strains were also resistant to gentamicin. Based on the susceptibility data found in the present study in combination with pharmacokinetic data available in the literature a rationale for antimicrobial therapy in equine salmonellosis is given. As first choice, gentamicin at a dosage of 3 mg/kg combined with ampicillin at a dosage of 20 mg/kg given with a 8-12 hour dosing interval by intravenous route is advised. As an alternative, the intravenous administration of trimethoprim/sulfonamide combinations given twice daily at a combined dose of 30 mg/kg is suggested.
采用琼脂稀释法检测了17种抗菌药物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（n = 52）、汤普森沙门氏菌（n = 2）、海德堡沙门氏菌（n = 3）、哈达尔沙门氏菌（n = 2）、肠炎沙门氏菌（n = 1）、婴儿沙门氏菌（n = 1）和德比沙门氏菌（n = 1）菌株的体外活性。这些菌株从乌得勒支大学大型动物诊所收治的马匹中分离得到。大多数菌株对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、卡那霉素、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氟甲喹、黏菌素、呋喃唑酮和头孢噻呋敏感。然而，所有200型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株（n = 14）均多重耐药，即对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、阿莫西林与克拉维酸的组合、氯霉素、呋喃妥因、甲氧苄啶、阿地普明和巴喹普明耐药。其中两株还对庆大霉素耐药。结合本研究中的药敏数据以及文献中可用的药代动力学数据，给出了马沙门氏菌病抗菌治疗的理论依据。建议首选剂量为3 mg/kg的庆大霉素与剂量为20 mg/kg的氨苄西林联合使用，通过静脉途径给药，给药间隔为8 - 12小时。作为替代方案，建议每日两次静脉注射甲氧苄啶/磺胺类药物组合，联合剂量为30 mg/kg。
