Arrindell W A, Cox B J, van der Ende J, Kwee M G
Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Academic Hospital, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 1995 Jul;33(6):711-24. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00002-f.
In a previous study (Cox, Swinson, Kuch & Reichman, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 427-431, 1993), factor analyses of the responses of 177 Canadian panic disorder with agoraphobia patients to the 'When Accompanied' and 'When Alone' scales of the Mobility Inventory (Chambless, Caputo, Jasin, Gracely & Williams, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 35-44, 1985) revealed three factors in each case: Fears of (1) Public places; (2) Enclosed spaces; and (3) Open spaces. Using two distinct methods of factorial analysis, evidence was found for the cross-national generalizability of the factor model when the responses of Dutch members of a society for individuals suffering from an anxiety disorder (N = 213) were contrasted with the original Canadian findings. Inventory items were distributed in a non-overlapping fashion across the corresponding three subscales. Psychometric properties of the subscales were encouraging, although some difficulties emerged when attempts were made at distinguishing Fears of Enclosed spaces from Fears of Open spaces. This was because of their correlational configurations with other measures. Scores on all scales varied with socioeconomic status (SES); Ss in lower SES groups had significantly higher agoraphobic avoidance scores than their equivalents in higher SES groups. Results of higher-order analysis, which included several state and trait measures of psychological functioning in addition to the Mobility Inventory, revealed two orthogonal, second-order factors which were interpreted as Agoraphobia and Neuroticism/Negative Affect vs Positive Affect. Implications for further studies are briefly outlined.
在之前的一项研究中（考克斯、斯温森、库奇和赖克曼，《行为研究与治疗》，第31卷，第427 - 431页，1993年），对177名患有广场恐惧症的加拿大惊恐障碍患者在《活动量表》（钱布利斯、卡普托、贾辛、格雷西和威廉姆斯，《行为研究与治疗》，第23卷，第35 - 44页，1985年）的“有人陪伴时”和“独自时”量表上的反应进行因素分析，结果在每种情况下都揭示了三个因素：对（1）公共场所；（2）封闭空间；以及（3）开阔空间的恐惧。通过使用两种不同的因素分析方法，当将一个焦虑症患者协会的荷兰成员（N = 213）的反应与最初的加拿大研究结果进行对比时，发现了该因素模型具有跨国通用性的证据。量表项目以不重叠的方式分布在相应的三个子量表上。子量表的心理测量特性令人鼓舞，尽管在试图区分对封闭空间的恐惧和对开阔空间的恐惧时出现了一些困难。这是由于它们与其他测量方法的相关结构。所有量表的得分都随社会经济地位（SES）而变化；社会经济地位较低组的受试者的广场恐惧症回避得分显著高于社会经济地位较高组的同等受试者。高阶分析的结果，除了《活动量表》外，还包括几种心理功能的状态和特质测量，揭示了两个正交的二阶因素，被解释为广场恐惧症和神经质/消极情绪与积极情绪。简要概述了对进一步研究的启示。
